StarTran Student Resources

StarTran STUDENT RESOURCES
Audio/Computer Tutor Ledger	Lesson Progress Chart	Global Cat Computer Tutor Lessons	Theory Questions & Answers	Lesson Vocabulary Preview	Proper Stroking Technique
Metronome	Foot Pedal Info	Computer Tutor Tips	Student CAT Software		Contact StarTran
Theory Questions & Answers
	Foot Pedal Information In theory it is handy to have a playback system with a foot pedal so you can stop and back up quickly and hands-free to repractice a section. The danger in having a foot pedal is that overuse may weaken your resolve to get it all down the first time, and also some people will be tempted to use it during a test, which of course would defeat the purpose of a test. If you pass a test honestly, your confidence is bolstered; if you pass a test by fudging, you will always doubt your ability. Nevertheless, if used correctly, a foot pedal can be an efficient practice tool. If you are using tapes, you'll want a transcriber. I like the Sony DICTATOR/TRANSCRIBER BM-87DST If you are using CD's or digital files, Start-Stop has student version for $99. They also have great tech support!
Computer Tutor Lessons The Computer Tutor is an optional element in the StarTran Theory program. It is available to any student who has purchased books and audio. It allows you to hook up your computerized writer to your computer and practice with instant feedback and changeable speed, among other things, in different interactive modes. You can even create your own practice lessons. The StarTran Computer Tutor Lessons are "played" on the GlobalCAT software under the Lessons Menu. StarTran Computer Tutor Lessons match the material on the practice portion of the audio Lesson. It is best to use the computer tutor 1) as a help on portions of the audio that you are having difficulty with, 2) as your Step 7 in the Seven Steps to Success, Review a Previous Lesson, or 3) as a Theory review any time after theory. The downside to the Computer Tutor is that there is no tech support for the program. GlobalCAT is an older 32-bit program and may not run on some computers or with some newer machines. We will try to help you within reason. Unless you are very computer savvy, don't try to use the computer tutor until you are well into and comfortable with your Theory Lessons. Follow these instructions one at a time after installing GlobalCAT Student Version and hooking up your machine to your computer.
Step 1 HOW TO set up GlobalCAT for your machine Connect your machine to the computer first and turn it on Using the "Windows" user interface, on the Main Menu, Go to Utilities > Setup > System Options. On Page 1 leave everything as it is except that on the Steno Machine item, select the machine that you have. If you have converted your manual machine with a ProCAT kit, choose Flash. Click the Test Machine button and follow the directions to strike any keys. Make sure the keys that are showing on the screen are the same ones imprinting on your paper tape. Pages 2 and 3 are already set up for you. Click the Machine Help button if your machine isn't working correctly or nothing is happening. Now go to HOW TO Step 2. P.S. Once you have finished accomplishing the directions on all the HOW TO steps, you may want to watch the training video on the GlobalCAT CD to learn about all the features of the GlobalCAT Realtime/CAT system. (Bear in mind that the GlobalCAT company no longer is in business and the Professional Version is no longer available.	Step 2 HOW TO Select StarTran as your dictionary for GlobalCAT When you write in realtime (or dump notes from your writer and translate them later) your computer is going through the process of trying to match your outlines with outlines found in the dictionary. If it finds a match, it displays the English definition it has for that outline. Now that you have designated which machine you are using, to make sure you are translating against the StarTran dictionary (and not one of the other dictionaries that come with GlobalCAT) as your Main dictionary follow these steps: At the GlobalCAT (Windows) main menu, choose Dictionary, choose Copy Main, choose Select Theory, choose StarTran. That's it. Your "Realtime Translation" under the Lesson menu should translate your writing almost 100 percent now. Now go to HOW TO Step 3.	Step 3 HOW TO create a job directory in GlobalCAT Before downloading the StarTran Computer Tutor Lessons, you need to create directories named UNITI UNITII UNITIII UNITIV in GlobalCAT to store them. To create UNIT directories, you need to be at the Main Menu. At the top click on Online, Realtime. You will be taken to a directory menu on the left side of the screen. Underneath the menu box is a box for new job directories. Type in: UnitI Click "Create New Directory." Clear the box and type in "UnitII" and click "Create New Directory" again. When you have repeated this process for all four units, click Cancel. You will be back at the main menu. Just to make sure you did it correctly, click Online, Realtime again and check the list of directories to make sure all four UNIT's are there. Now go to HOW TO Step 4.	Step 4 HOW TO download your Lessons Click on the link below Click "download now" Select "run" Select "run" Click "OK" Select "Unzip" The files will self-extract to the new directories that you just made in Step 3. To see if the files installed, go to the GlobalCAT main menu and click on Lessons menu. Click on any of the top three "games" listed and select "beginner" or another level. Next, on the lefthand window click on UNITI. If you see files listed in the righthand window, those are your StarTran Computer Lessons that have been sucessfully installed. DOWNLOAD LESSONS NOW Come back for HOW TO Step 5 about taking Computer Tutor Lessons.	Step 5 HOW TO take Computer Tutor Lessons The Computer Tutor Lessons are accessed through the Lesson Menu. Choose from Steno Checker or Speed Builder and choose whichever level you wish to. Then choose UnitI.job and the Lesson you want. ________________________ Tutor-Audio Ledger tells you what is on each Lesson audio and the corresponding Tutor Lesson. DOWNLOAD TUTOR-AUDIO LEDGER ________________________ Experiment with the computer tutor to determine which game and levels you like the best. "Only Speedbuilder - No Steno Displayed" will automatically create a drill for you out of your misstrokes. To pass a Lesson, you must obtain 95% accuracy. (Note: this accuracy goal is preset, but it can be changed.) Repeat the Lesson if you do not reach 95%.	TUTOR TIPS: Lesson Manual Access the Lesson Manual from the Lesson Menu. View Lesson Manual and read about the rules and attributes of each game before trying it. Accuracy Be as accurate as possible when taking a Computer Tutor Lesson because extreme inaccuracy tends to make the program act funny. Use the Asterisk Always clear a mistake with the asterisk before you restroke an outline, just as you would in real life. If you don't, you will end up with more errors than you deserve. Reviewing a Lesson Reviewing a Lesson is your opportunity to curse through the Lesson and see your outlines, including your errors. Make sure to use the down arrow to go word by word or the up arrow to go directly to your errors. The right arrow will take you to the end and throw you out of the review process. Red When you make an error the color red appears, your cue to use the asterisk and rewrite. However, in some of the Speed Builder games, you are not forced to correct mistakes and the red just means the program is resyncing and you should ignore it. This is why it is good to know the attributes of the games before you play them. The red color can be very alarming! Create Your Own Work Sheet To keep track of which Computer Tutor Lessons you have already taken, you can print out a work sheet: Choose Lessons Utilities for Lessons Misc. Lesson Utilities Create Results Work Sheet click Next go to Windows Explorer and find WORKSHEE.TXT under GC/00LES.JOB. Double click on the file name to open the file in WORD pad. Then print. Notice that Lesson 10 (LES10C) will be listed before Lesson 1 because the printout is in alphabetical order. IF YOU FIND ERRORS IN THE COMPUTER TUTOR, PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHERE THEY ARE AND I WILL CORRECT THEM AND REEMAIL YOU THE LESSON. I REALLY APPRECIATE YOUR HELP IN FINDING TUTOR ERRORS. THIS WILL REALLY HELP THE NEXT STUDENTS TOO. Keep up the good work! Marlene
Contact StarTran email Marlene	Lesson Vocabulary Preview Words are your business now. Here is an opportunity to learn some new words and then notice them and reinforce them while you study your Lesson -- because every word in the list is going to be used somewhere in your Lesson, either in the books or in the Audio. Also, being familiar with a word before you try to write it, makes it a lot easier.
	Click on the Lesson. A list of vocabulary words with definitions will drop down. Click again to close the list.
	Lesson 2 dote on - to be excessively or foolishly fond heed - to pay close or careful attention to a feat - remarkable deed; exploit ire - anger, wrath ore - minerals from which metal can be extracted err - to be wrong or mistaken re - in the matter of; regarding boor - rude, awkward, or ill-mannered person droll - amusing in an odd or wry way butte - a steep hill standing alone in a plain; small mesa moot point - not worthy of discussion because already resolved; so hypothetical as to be meaningless; debatable feign - to pretend, invent, or fabricate a story, excuse, or something false rove - to wander about, roam, go from place to place reef - a chain of rocks or a ridge of sand at or near the surface of water ream - a quantity of paper (about 500 sheets) peeve - to annoy; to make resentful or bad-tempered jive - glib, deceptive, foolish talk; a special jargon of slang terms mote - speck of dust or other tiny particle moat - a deep and wide trench surrounding a fortified place that is usually filled with water tome - a large or scholarly book chaff - the seed coverings and other debris separated from seed in threshing grain; something comparatively worthless jute - plant material used for sacking, burlap, and twine null - invalid; of or relating to zero; amounting to nothing hail - to salute or greet tiff - a petty quarrel gaffe - a social blunder; faux pas sire - to beget; to father Lesson 3 reefer - a marijuana cigarette; a seaman's jacket; a refrigerator freight car Freud - founder of psychoanalysis tout - to praise or recommend highly; to give a tip on a racehorse for a price ploy - an action or maneuver intended to outwit or disconcert another person stout - brave; strong in body; fat, thickset souse - a drunkard; to pickle; to make soaking wet sought - past tense of "seek" - to look for qualms - sudden brief feelings of sickness, faintness, or nausea, uneasiness or doubt; twinges of conscience balk - to obstruct or thwart; obstinately refuse to move; an illegal motion by the pitcher in baseball toil - to work hard and continuously or with painful effort; tiring labor loin - lower part of the back on either side of the backbone between the hipbones and the ribs; loins - the hips and the lower abdomen Lesson 4 wry - cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous prow - the bow of a ship culminate - to reach its highest point; to bring to its climax moor - to secure a boat with lines, cables, or anchor; boggy area of wasteland litigation - process of carrying on a lawsuit biannual - occurring twice a year Lesson 5 banal - lacking originality or freshness; trite ruffle - to erect, as feathers; to shuffle; to disturb burl - a woody outgrowth on a tree berm - a mound or wall of earth orb - a spherical body ply - to do work with; to work at a trade; to address someone constantly (with questions, etc.; to keep supplying with haven - a place of safety; asylum penal - of or relating to punishment pang - a sharp attack of mental anguish porn - pornography rural - of or relating to the country morgue - a place where bodies of persons found dead are kept until identified and claimed by relatives or are released for burial brawn - muscular strength conviction - being convinced of the truth; a strong belief jeopardize - risk loss, damage, or failure of; endanger facilitate - to make easy or easier eighty-sixed - to be cut off or kicked out of a bar for drunkenness Lesson 6 writ - a formal written document; an order or mandatory process in writing rife - prevalent; common; abundant craw - the throat of a bird; the stomach of any animal flail - a farm tool consisting of a wooden handle and a shorter free-swinging stick; to strike as with a flail; to swing one's arms like flails forsaking - renouncing; quitting or leaving entirely; abandoning tine - prong a quiver - a case for holding arrows foreboding - omen; prediction, or presentiment of coming evil direct address - to speak or write directly to a person by name the fore - something that occupies a forward position togs - clothes, outfit tripe - stomach tissue of a ruminant used for food; something poor or worthless cleave - to divide by a cutting blow; to split; to adhere, cling, stick to quell - to quiet; to pacify quill - one of the large stiff feathers of the wing or tail of a bird; a feather pen for writing keen - sharp; eager toil - to work hard and long drab - characterized by dullness and monotony; cheerless; boring conscientiously - scrupulously, honestly; with care and precision Lesson 7 conceive - to become pregnant; to take into one's mind; to imagine illustrative - serving to clarify or enlighten zeal - eagerness in pursuit of something; passion teal - a small short-necked river duck; dark grayish or greenish blue pap - a soft food for infants; something lacking solid substance apt - unusually fitted or qualified; inclined; liable writhe - to twist in pain; to suffer keenly further - in addition; moreover farther - at or to a greater distance; to a greater degree extent malnourished - undernourished miscreant - an unbeliever or heretic; one who behaves criminally or viciously mite - any of various small arachnids that often infest animals and plants sibilant - having a hissing sound Lesson 8 Thor - Norse God of thunder, weather, and crops smite - to strike heavily or sharply whatnot - a nondescript person or thing glee - exultant, high-spirited joy; mirth brie - a soft cheese with a whitish rind and pale yellow interior gale - a strong wind from 30-60 mph; an emotional outburst (as of a gale of laughter) sty - a pen or enclosed housing for swine; an unkempt filthy place; inflammation of a sebaceous gland on the rim of an eyelid spay - to remove the ovaries of a female animal thou - you (the one addressed) con out of - to gain something by swindling someone mare - a female horse harbinger - a person or thing that comes before and announces what follows to implement - to carry out, accomplish in unison - in complete agreement; singing or saying the same thing at the same time Lesson 9 dearth - scarcity; lack flux - change; fluctuation bloc - a combination of persons, groups, or nations forming a unit with a common interest or purpose sac - a pouch within an animal or a plant, often containing fluid barge - a roomy, flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of goods on waterways, and propelled by towing sect - a dissenting religious body; party; faction pact - agreement; compact; contract lurk - to lie in wait in a place of concealment; to move furtively; to skulk; to sneak gorge - to eat gluttonously; a deep narrow pass between steep heights purge - to get rid of something undesirable; to clear of guilt; to cleanse mime - to act a part with mimic gesture and action without words maim - to wound seriously gig - job gauge - measurement according to some standard or system; dimensions; size lax - loose; slack; negligent proceed - to continue after a pause; to advance precede - to go or come before; to surpass in rank principal - a chief executive officer; leading performer; a matter or thing of primary importance principle - a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption; a rule or code of conduct altogether - wholly; completely; totally all together - all in a group flair - a skill or instinctive ability to appreciate and make good use of something; talent; a uniquely attractive quality; style savor - to taste or smell with pleasure; to relish conjunctival - referring to the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids forte - one's strong point; (music) loud Lesson 10 truffle - an edible fungus; a chocolate candy gnarl - a hard protuberance with twisted grain on a tree vile - morally despicable; utterly bad; contemptible; obnoxious stilt - a pile or post serving as one of the supports of a structure above ground or water level stealth - the act of proceeding secretly, imperceptibly, or furtively; the state of being furtive vex - to trouble; to distress; to harass welt - a ridge or lump raised on the body, usually by a blow yen - a strong desire; basic monetary unit of Japan yearn - to long persistently, wistfully, or sadly baffle - to defeat or check by confusing or puzzling; to frustrate tread - to step or walk on or over; to press with the feet; to trample expire - to breathe one's last breath; to die; to come to an end external - of or relating to the outside in vain - to no end; without success or result exclude - to bar from participation, consideration, or inclusion; to prevent the entrance of something exceed - to extend outside of; to be greater than; to go beyond a set limit; surpass; outdo versus - against convene - to come together; to cause to assemble depo - short for deposition; testimony taken down under oath vial - a small closable vessel for liquids peer group - a group of people of equal standing expend - to pay out; to spend; to utilize taut - tightly drawn; having no slack; not loose or flabby vise - any of various tools with two jaws for holding work vice - moral corruption; a trivial and habitual defect; foible quay - a landing place along the water borne - past participle of the verb to bear; carried. Lesson 11 splay - to cause to spread outward spry - nimble tress - a long lock of hair superfluous - exceeding what is sufficient or necessary; extra a lush - an alcoholic cache - a hiding place; a secure place for storage chit - a child; a voucher or small sum owed for drink, food, etc. vie - to contend; to compete sham - imitation; counterfeit; false hue - color smut - matter that soils; obscene language or matter mere - nothing more than; bare glitch - an unwanted brief surge of electric power; a minor problem that causes a temporary setback; a snag spiff - to smarten up; to dress up; to spruce up blurb - a short written notice sheik - an Arab chief; a man held to be irresistibly attractive to young women chic - style; smart elegance and sophistication	Lesson 12 ingenuous - noble or honorable; showing innocent simplicity; lacking craft retain - to keep or continue to have or practice; to hire by paying in advance for services derivative (of a word) - a word formed from another word prefix - a syllable or word added to the beginning of another word to modify its meaning suffix - a word or syllable added to the end of another word to modify its meaning peripheral - away from the central part, nonessential, incidental; an adjunct piece of equipment used with a computer filial - of or relating to a son or daughter dubious - doubtful; suspicious vacuous - emptied of or lacking content; stupid; inane wend - to direct one's course; travel cardinal number - a counting number (as in 1, 2, 3...) ordinal number - a number designating the place occupied by an item in an ordered sequence (as in first, second...) radiant - glowing; marked by or expressive of love, happiness, or confidence mediate - to act as an intermediary (a go-between); to interpose between parties in order to reconcile them perpetuate - to cause to last indefinitely medial - mean or average; occurring in the middle permeate - to spread or diffuse through trachea - the windpipe plutonium - a radioactive metallic element similar chemically to uranium appendix - supplementary material attached at the end of a piece of writing; an outgrowth of the colon steno - a stenographer, or writer of shorthand; shorthand memorandum - a brief note written for interoffice circulation; a communication that contains directive, advisory, or informative matter suite - a group of rooms occupied as a unit; apartment; a set of matched furniture Inc. - Incorporated a control group - scientific term for a group used as a standard of comparison in judging experimental effects ploy - an action or maneuver intended to outwit or disconcert another person outlandish - foreign; bizarre; strange tainted - contaminated; spoiled Lesson 13 gantlet - punishment in which the offender had to run between two rows of men who struck him with clubs, etc., as he passed; a stretch of railroad where two lines of track overlap in order to avoid the need for switching gauntlet - large glove with a cuff; ordeal gimlet - a small tool with a point for boring holes; having a piercing quality; a drink with lime juice and gin or vodka couplet - two successive lines of verse forming a unit bask - to lie in or expose oneself to pleasant warmth; to take pleasure or derive enjoyment dauntless - fearless platelet - blood cell that helps blood to clot pallet - a small, hard, temporary bed; straw mattress; a portable platform correlate - to correspond; to show relationship willful - obstinately self-willed; intentional to contend with - to struggle or argue with to contend that - to maintain or assert influx - a flowing in prevalent - widespread ingest - to eat; to absorb invoice - an itemized list of goods shipped, usually specifying the price and terms of sale; a bill audit - a formal examination of an organization's or individual's accounts; a methodical examination or review mallet - a hammer with a barrel-shaped head ballot box - a box used to contain completed ballots and guarantee the confidentiality of each voter dinghy - a small boat propelled by oars, sail, or motor and often carried on a larger boat relegate - to send into exile; to banish; to assign to a place of insignificance mete - measure; to give out by measure rivet - to fasten firmly valet - a man's male servant; an employee who performs personal services for customers to list (as a boat) - to tilt to one side fate - destiny; a predetermined state or end slumber - to sleep braise - to cook slowly in fat in an enclosed pot bray - to utter the loud harsh cry of a donkey; to speak or sing discordantly flay - to strip off the skin as by whipping; to criticize or scold mercilessly; rob, pillage heist - an armed robbery Lesson 14 rank and file - commoners; plebeians impinge - to strike with a sharp collision; to touch (on or upon); infringe, encroach infringe - to encroach upon mange - any of various contagious skin diseases marked by skin inflammation and loss of hair or fur cringe - to shrink back in fear or servility; fawn dank - unpleasantly moist or damp; wet brink - the edge at the top of a steep place; verge swank - characterized by showy display; ostentatious; fashionably elegant; smart conjugal - of or relating to the married state or to married persons and their relations vouching - verifying; supplying supporting evidence precinct - a division of the city for police control strategy - a careful plan or method seclude - to isolate; to shut off enforce - to give force to; to strengthen; to carry out effectively data - factual information gist - the main point of a matter; the essence barrack - building used for lodging soldiers; housing characterized by extreme plainness or dreary uniformity cunning - clever; sly mooning - spending time in idle reverie; dreaming gnashing - striking or grinding together (as the teeth) vantage - a position giving a strategic advantage or commanding perspective barb - a sharp projection extending backwards (as an arrow); a sharp or biting comment stark - utter; sheer; barren; desolate; sharply delineated hank - a coiled or looped bundle, as of yarn frank - marked by free, forthright, and sincere expression; unmistakable stoic - firmly restraining response to pain or distress; impassive dinning - making a loud, continued noise a tongue lashing - a scolding, berating; a chewing out Lesson 15 grille - a grating forming a barrier or screen therefor - for that therefore - for that reason; consequently penultimate - next to the last heretofore - up to this time wherefore - why moreover - besides whereupon - closely following and in consequence of which; on which nonetheless - nevertheless wherein - in which whereof - of which renounce - to give up; to refuse to follow or obey; to abdicate thereby - by that; by that means accord - agreement, compact, or treaty; assent amend - to put right; to improve; to correct inquiry - a request for information; a systematic investigation adjacent - having a common border; nearby escrow - a deed, a bond, money, or property held in trust by a third party to be turned over upon the fulfillment of a condition adjustor - an insurance agent who investigates damage and makes estimates for effecting settlements secrete - to form and give off a secretion; to conceal horizontal - level; parallel to the horizon peripheral - of, or relating to the outer part; supplementary toxic - poisonous logo - an identifying statement; motto bobby - policeman (British) gaudy - flashy; garish gender - sex (male/female) inflicting - causing something damaging or painful to be endured; imposing to wit - namely compensation - payment royalties - payment made to an author or inventor for each article sold under copyright or patent Lesson 16 guise - costume, manner, or fashion; external appearance prey - animal that is taken by a predator as food; victim; to have an injurious, destructive, or wasting effect; to commit violence or robbery raze - to destroy to the ground; to demolish faze - to disturb the composure of; to disconcert or daunt minimalist - one who favors restricting the achievement of a set of goals to a few simple elements condoned - pardoned or overlooked as trivial or harmless; excused expunged - obliterated or destroyed clamored - insisted loudly and persistently; shouted noisily imposed - established or applied by authority; took unwarranted advantage of something proprietorship - ownership bias - prejudice, bent, or tendency residents - those who reside, or live in a place residence - dwelling place; home prose - the ordinary language people use in speaking or writing poised - marked by easy composure of manner and bearing pleas - legal suits or actions; something offered by way of excuse or justification; earnest entreaties hoard - a hidden supply stored up; to get and store away, reserve horde - a teeming crowd; a swarm mode - manner or style; status (as in computer operations) navel - depression in the middle of the abdomen; central point braze - to coat with or make like brass Lesson 17 arraignment - being brought to court to hear and answer charges expedited - speeded up peal - loud prolonged sound of bells, thunder, gunfire, etc. posthaste - with great haste antechamber - a smaller room leading into a larger room maladroit - awkward, clumsy, bungling nonpartisan - not influenced, supporting or controlled by, especially, a political party exploits n. - remarkable or daring acts debit - a sum deducted from a bank account; disadvantage or shortcomings detriment - damage, injury, harm figments - something merely imagined or made up malfeasance - wrongdoing or misconduct especially by a public official rebuke - reprimand, blame, scold indictment - formal accusation of the commission of a crime, usually by grand jury vehement - having intense feeling or strong passion, fervent, violent foment - to stir up, instigate, incite (as a riot) impeachment - to challenge or discredit a person's honor, reputation, etc.; to accuse a public official of wrongdoing and instigate proceedings against decade - period of ten years antihistimine - any of various compounds that counteract histimine in the body and that are used to treat allergic reactions and cold symptoms malcontent - a discontented person; rebel postnatal - immediately following birth antedating - assigning a date to an event or document earlier than the actual date of the event or document; to precede in time encroachment - the act of entering by gradual steps or stealth into the possessions or rights of another; trespass atunement - state of being aware or responsive; being in tune procurement - the act of getting and making available for sexual intercourse; the act of obtaining skews - slants; distorts from a true value Lesson 18 colloquy - formal discussion, conference, conversation delineate - sketch out, trace the outline of, depict, describe covenant - binding solemn agreement, compact lateral - of, at, toward the side, sideways incident - likely to happen as a result of [incident to], a happening, occurrence incidence - the degree or range of an occurrence or effect cite - to summon to court; to quote a writing; to refer to by way of example deride - ridicule, scorn, laugh at complement - to fill up or complete, that which completes the whole compliment - expression of courtesy, praise, flattery ordnance - cannon, artillery, military supplies canon - church law or other body of laws cannon - large piece of artillery, gun ravel - untwist, unravel, fray facet - plane, surface, aspect, side curriculum vitae - professional resume cohabitate - (substandard form of cohabit) to live together divest - to deprive, dispossess, disencumber, get rid of bicameral - made up of two legislative chambers didactic - intended to be instructive, too much inclined to teach, pedantic, moralistic elixir - supposed remedy for all ailments, panacea; sweet solution to take medicine with diurnal - occurring each day, daily conducive - tending or leading to Lesson 19 hasp - hinged metal fastening dyskinesia - impairment of body movements dyspeptic - having bad digestion, grouchy dysphoria - general feeling of discontent or physical discomfort dyslexia - impairment of the ability to read disavow - deny any knowledge of or responsibility for discreet - careful about what one says or does, prudent discrete - separate and distinct desperate driven by a loss of hope or despair disparate - different, essentially not alike collude - enter a conspiracy for fraudulent purposes epitome - person or thing representative of a whole class determinate - definite, having exact limits, settled, decided indeterminate - inexact, indefinite, uncertain assert - state positively, declare attest - to testify, witness, declare to be true assent - concur, agree to, accept ascent - rising or climbing staid - sober, sedate, settled, steady dissidence - disagreement, dissent dysorexia - impaired or deranged appetite arduous - difficult to do, laborious, strenuous diametrically - in a manner completely opposite asp - a small poisonous snake rasping - producing a rough or grating sound; uttering in an irritated tone discern - to detect with the senses; to recognize or come to know mentally; to discriminate dispelling - to drive away or scatter (a misconception, etc.) suffice - to be sufficient deduce - to determine by deduction; specifically: to infer from a general principle just deserts - deserved reward or punishment Lesson 20 winch - machine with crank and handle for hoisting, etc. psychosomatic - physical disorder originating in the emotions or psyche autocratic - ruled by a dictator theocratic - ruled by God plutocratic - governed by the wealthy democratic - ruled by the people holographic - written entirely in handwriting axiomatic - self-evident, universally accepted as true chromatic - having to do with color; a type of musical scale kinetic - of or resulting from motion sadistic - receiving pleasure from inflicting pain holistic - concerned with the whole system, not just parts capitol - building in which a state legislature meets capital - city of the seat of government virtual - being something practically or in effect but not in name or actual fact climatic - having to do with weather conditions climactic - referring to like a climax livid - pale or grayish-blue [livid with rage] lurid - harsh, shocking, sensational, characterized by violent passion surreal - bizarre, fantastic, grotesque, referring to the surrealism art movement arid - dry, barren, lifeless, dull succinct - clearly and briefly stated, brief, concise wench - girl, woman (derogatory or jocular); country girl; woman of loose morals trove - short for treasure-trove, secret treasure uncovered; any valuable discovery meek - patient, submissive, gentle, not angry Lesson 21 impervious - not allowing passage; impenetrable; not capable of being disturbed microcosm - a community or unity that is the same as a larger one hemp - an Asian herb of the mulberry family which yields tough fiber used for rope defunct - having finished the course of life; dead elicit - to draw something forth, or bring something out illicit - not permitted; unlawful disserve - to serve badly; to harm exempt - not subject to a rule, obligation, etc., that applies to others break a leg! - good luck! esp. to a performer in a theater	Lesson 22 pernicious - highly injurious or destructive; deadly specious - having deceptive attraction; having a false look of truth credential - certificate or diploma sequential - arranged in sequence; serial scrumptious - delightful; excellent sumptuous - excessively costly, rich, or magnificent sensual - devoted to or preoccupied with the senses or appetite; voluptuous; worldly sensuous - producing gratification of the senses; having strong sensory appeal martial - of, relating to, or suited for war or a warrior; relating to the army; inclined to war triers of fact - a jury to appropriate - to take for one's own exclusive use; to set aside for a specific use jealous - very watchful or careful in guarding or keeping; resentfully envious fallacious - erroneous, misleading, deceptive precocious - mature or developed beyond normal for the age bumptious - disagreeably conceited, arrogant, or forward expeditious - efficient and speedy, prompt loquacious - very talkative officious - offering unnecessary or unwanted advice; meddlesome in a highhanded way meretricious - characteristic of a prostitute; alluring by false showy charms; specious sententious - expressing much in a few words, short and pithy; fond of using maxims, proverbs, etc., especially in a way that is trite and moralizing pretentious - making claims to some distinction, importance, dignity or excellence; ostentatious malicious - spiteful, intentionally mischievous or harmful fractious - hard to manage, unruly, rebellious; peevish, irritable, cross audacious - bold, daring, fearless; brazen, not restrained by shame Lesson 23 suborning - to induce secretly to do an unlawful thing contraband - smuggled goods subsidize - to aid or promote with public money subliminal - existing or functioning below the threshold of conscious awareness contralateral - occurring or acting in conjunction with similar parts on an opposite side sublimate - to divert the expression of an instinctual impulse from its primary form to one that is more socially acceptable supercilious - coolly and patronizingly haughty; proud subterfuge - deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade; deception superannuated - incapacitated or disqualified for active duty by advanced age supersede - to take the place, room, or position of; to displace in favor of another; replace consequent - following as a result constituent - an essential part, component, or element; one of a group who elects another to represent him in public office contemporaneously - happening or existing at the same time; simultaneously substantive - real rather than apparent; firm, permanent, or substantial referendum - the principle of submitting to popular vote a measure proposed by popular initiative or a legislative body; a vote on such a measure mauve - a moderate purple, violet, or lilac color plight - bad state or condition; archaic for pledge instant, as used in the phrase "the instant group" - present, current gratis - without charge, free tract - continuous expanse of land or water; a housing development; a propagandizing pamphlet, especially one on a religious or political subject inimical - like an enemy, hostile, unfriendly, in opposition Lesson 24 lesion - an abnormal change in the structure of an organ or part due to disease or injury fission - a splitting or breaking up into parts dissolution - the act or process of dissolving; disintegration entail - to impose or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result, involve; (law) to restrict the inheritance of property intravenous - situated, performed, or entering by way of a vein lithesome - characterized by easy flexibility and grace fulsome - copious; overdone; lavish; disgusting litigate - to carry on a legal contest by judicial process circumstantiation - the act of supplying with circumstantial evidence or support substantiate - to establish by proof or competent evidence; verify; confirm premises - a tract of land and the buildings on it ambidextrous - using both hands with equal ease subrogation - the assumption by a third party (such as an insurance company) of another's legal right to collect a debt or damages venous - of, relating to, or full of veins internment - detention or confinement as during war integer - any positive or negative whole number (-5, 5); anything whole or complete in itself integral - necessary for completeness, essential intramural - within the walls or limits of a city, college, etc, between or among members of the same school preclude - to make impossible, shut out, prevent in advance internecine - deadly or harmful to both sides of a group, as a civil war; involving conflict within a group quell - to crush, subdue, put an end to, to quiet, allay intrepid - brave, bold, fearless, dauntless peruse - to read carefully or thoroughly, study; to read in a casual or leisurely way secular - relating to worldly things as distinguished from sacred or religious entrenched - established securely intrastate - within a state (of the U.S.) interstate - between or among states entrails - inner organs of humans or animals, guts, intestines, etc. dissuasion - persuasion or advice against something Lesson 25 transude - to pass through a membrane; exude transpire - to become known or apparent: develop; to come to pass: occur comports - behaves purport - to profess; to have a false appearance of being or claiming deportment - the manner in which one conducts oneself; behavior emission - an act or instance of emitting, sending forth: emanation remission - a state or period during which something is remitted, or sent back; abatement of symptoms admissible - capable or worthy or being admitted; permissible omit - to leave out remiss - negligent in the performance of work or duty; careless remit - to send money to a person in payment of a demand or account; to cancel or lay aside transverse - set crosswise affirm - confirm; to state positively infer - to derive as a conclusion from facts and premises; to suggest or hint inference - something that is inferred; the act of passing from specifics to generalizations; conclusion inverse - opposite in order, nature, or effect inversion - a change in normal position, order, or form perverse - improper, incorrect, corrupt; obstinate in opposing what is right, reasonable, or accepted; cranky subvert - to overturn or overthrow from the foundation; ruin; to pervert or corrupt by undermining morals, allegiance, or faith overt - open to view; manifest converse - to talk; reversed in position, opposite avert - to turn something aside (as with eyes in avoidance); to avoid deferment/deferral - postponement differential - of, relating to, or constituting a difference; distinguishing transcend - to rise above or go beyond the limits of; to triumph over restrictive aspects of; overcome aver - to assert or declare positively; to verify or prove to be true averse - having an active feeling of repugnance or distaste; disinclined transitive verb - (grammar) verb which can take a direct object mulct - to extract money etc. from someone by deceit or fraud referent - the object, concept, event, etc., referred to by a term or expression deference - yielding in opinion, judgment, or wishes; courteous regard or respect indigent - in poverty, poor, needy, destitute rabid - violent, fanatic, unreasonably zealous; of or having rabies technophile - lover of technology arcane - hidden, secret, known by a few, esoteric lexicon - a special vocabulary for a particular author, field of study, etc. purveyors - suppliers hybrid - offspring produced by crossing two individuals of unlike genes, races, varieties, etc.; anything of mixed origin syntax - the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses forming sentences interspersed - scattered among or here and there Lesson 26 inflected endings - changes made to a root word to create forms showing different times or functions within a sentence interject - to throw in between, interrupt interjection - an exclamation inserted into a sentence with no grammatical connection to it, any exclamation word eject - to throw or drive out conjecture - guesswork, theory based on incomplete evidence perspective - a specific point of view in judging or understanding, especially one that shows things in their true relationship; things regarded from a particular standpoint or point of view subjected - under the authority or control of another; exposed or liable to receive (with "to") subjective - produced by the mind, resulting from feelings or thinking; personal dejected - disheartened, depressed trajection - thrown out or across, transmission or transportation abject - miserable, wretched, degraded introspective - observing and analyzing one's self, looking inward adjective - word that modifies a noun respective - as relates individually to each of two or more persons or things retrospect - a looking back on or thinking or about things past, survey of the past circumspect - careful to consider all related circumstances before acting, judging, or deciding expectorant - causing or helping to bring up phlegm or mucus foreclosing - to extinguish the right to redeem a mortgage; to shut out, exclude, bar inclusive - including the terms, limits, or extremes mentioned reclusive - shut away from the world, secluded, solitary occluding - to closing, shutting, or blocking a passage; hiding or obscuring constitute - to set up, establish; to be the components or elements of, form, compose disposition - a putting in order, arrangement, settlement of affairs; a selling or giving away of property; an inclination or tendency, frame of mind, temperament devise - to work out or create, invent; (law) to bequeath real property by will correlation - mutual relationship or connection; degree of correspondence between two sets of data prescribe - to set down as a rule or direction, order; to impose rules, dictate; to give medical advice proscribe - to outlaw, banish, exile, forbid subscribe - to sign a document; to support, consent to, favor, sanction; to promise to contribute, pledge disinclination - reluctance, aversion, lack of desire intransitive verb - a verb that does not take a direct object intuit - to know without conscious reasoning diameter - a line or the length of such line passing through the center of a circle or sphere subjugation - a bringing under control, conquering, subduing synonymous - equivalent or similar in meaning insolvency - bankruptcy analogous - similar or comparable in certain respects acquiesce - to agree or consent quietly without protest but without enthusiasm checkmate - (chess) the move that wins the game by checking the opponent's king; complete defeat charwomen - woman who does general cleaning fatherland - a person's native country or that of his ancestors digits - any number from 0 to 9; fingers or toes ambiguities - word, statement, etc., having two or more possible meanings lest - for fear that; in case hark - "you should listen carefully"; (with "back") return to an earlier point to pick up the scent, trail, thought; revert reconnaissance - an exploratory survey or examination as in seeking out information about enemy positions, installations, etc. deposition - (law) testimony of a witness under oath to be used in preparation for trial; a depositing, laying, or putting down; removal from office or position of power Lesson 27 scrutinize - look at very carefully, examine closely, inspect minutely methodical - orderly, systematic, using a method idioms - expressions recognized in a language whose meanings differ from the literal meaning of the words direct address - language spoken directly to a person by name extricate - set free, release, disentangle diction - manner of speaking, enunciation, choice of words ramifications - effects, consequences, results, offshoots sanction - authorized approval or permission; penalties or rewards used for enforcement of law prevaricate - lie, evade the truth, equivocate infarction - death of tissue due to lack of blood supply provocation - exciting, stimulating, irritating, or stirring up an action, thought, etc. fabricate - manufacture, make, build, construct; invent a story unction - anything that soothes or comforts reminiscent of oil or ointment; pretended or affected fervor or earnestness, smoothness or sliminess in speech or manner avocation - done in addition to one's regular work, a hobby vocation - a call to perform or enter a career, trade, profession, often meaning a religious calling bifurcate - to divide into two parts of branches; to fork implicate - to show to have a connection to or be involved in a crime, fault, etc. fornication - consensual sexual intercourse between unmarried persons defalcation - embezzlement explicate - to make clear or explicit, explain fully codification - arrangement of laws, rules, etc., systematically confiscate - to seize, usually as a penalty supplication - a humble prayer, request, petition personify - to think or speak of a thing as having life or personality; to be a symbol or perfect example of, embody presumptuous - too bold or forward, taking too much for granted, overconfidence, arrogance specifications - detailed description of the parts of a whole, statement or enumeration of the particulars - size, quantity, terms, etc. probate - the judicial certification of a will and all matters under the jurisdiction of probate court interrogation - a formal examination or asking questions of a witness allegation - an assertion made without proof proposed to be supported with evidence adjudicate - to serve as a judge compound word - a word composed of two or more words, hyphenated or solid beachhead - a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore copperhead - poisonous snake with a copper head; (capitalized) a Northerner who sympathized with the South in the Civil War at loggerheads - in disagreement, quarreling spearheaded - took the lead in an action, attack, etc. headwaters - the headstreams and beginning of a large stream or river reclamation - the recovery or wasteland, desert, etc., by ditching, filling, or irrigating; obtaining useful materials from waste products sphinx - ancient Egyptian figure typically with the body of a lion and head of a man, ram, or hawk; a person who is difficult to know or understand sublimation - to express a socially or personally unacceptable impulse in constructive, acceptable form, often unconsciously amorphous - shapeless, without definite form, vague acquisition - something acquired or added exemplify - to serve as an example of faction - a group inside a political party, club, government, etc., working in a common cause against other such groups or against the main body caucus - a private meeting of leaders or committee of a political party to decide policy, pick candidates, etc. locus - a place tram - open railway car used in mining, for instance depos - depositions (legal meaning) skeptics - a person who habitually doubts, questions, or suspends judgment upon matters generally accepted, esp., religious adaptation - a change in structure, function, or form that improves the chance of survival for an animal or plant in its environment; a gradual change in behavior to conform to the prevailing cultural patterns ingestion - taking into the body by swallowing or absorption consensus - an opinion held by all or most, general agreement indemnification - insurance, protection against loss, damage, etc. relief (on a building) - the projection of figures or forms from a flat surface so that they stand wholly or partly free offspring - a descendant, progeny ramifications - the derived effects, consequences, or results excommunication - exclusion from sacraments, rights and privileges of a church infractions - a breaking of a law, pact, violation, infringement pothead - a user of marijuana recidivist - person who habitually or chronically relapses into crime or antisocial behavior without further ado - without fuss, trouble, or excitement	Lesson 28 culpable - deserving blame indefatigable - that cannot be tired out or fatigued, untiring deplorable - regrettable, wretched, very bad amiable - good-natured, having a pleasant and friendly disposition< impenetrable - that cannot be passed through; cannot be solved or understood; unreceptive to ideas incorrigible - that cannot be corrected, improved, or reformed because habits were set in childhood viable - sufficiently developed to be able to live or take root; workable and likely to survive admiralty - maritime court or law feverishly - very excitedly or with agitation feasible - practicable, likely, probable, capable of being done, possible fraternity - state of brotherhood, coming together for common interests, fellowship, beliefs, etc. sobriety - state of being sober; seriousness sovereignty - supreme, independent political authority or government; state of being chief, greatest, supreme; status, rule, dominion, authority of a ruler obscurity - condition of being murky, indistinct, not easily understood, vague, hidden parity - state of being equal in power, value, rank; medical: state or fact of having born offspring amenities - pleasant qualities, attractiveness, comforts, conveniences utterly - completely, totally, absolutely, unconditionally (lost her) faculties - powers of the mind impunity - freedom from punishment, penalty, or harm westerly - in or toward the west; from the west, as a wind predisposed - susceptible; receptive to beforehand procreate - to produce offspring; beget besmirch - to make dirty, soil; to bring dishonor to forestall - do something ahead of time to prevent or hinder; anticipate or act in advance prelim - preliminary hearing predestined - decreed beforehand, foreordained regurgitated - threw up partly digested food from the stomach> bemused - muddled, stupified, preoccupied bestow - give as a gift forerunner - a predecessor or ancestor; sign or person coming before to announce, warn, or prepare the way bewitching - enchanting, fascinating, charming proprietor - owner and operator of a business precepts - commandments, rules of conduct proponents - a persons who espouse or support a cause or make a proposition casualty - anyone hurt or killed in an accident or war contention - strife, controversy, dispute, quarrel; a statement or point that one argues for as true or valid copyright - exclusive right to the publication, production, or sale of the rights to a literary, dramatic, musical,or artistic work, etc, granted by law to an author etc. judicious - showing sound judgment, careful and wise verity - truth, reality exclusivity - clannishness or isolationism; monopoly, exclusive rights to something paraphernalia - collection of things used in some activity, trappings, gear irreconcilable -incompatible, conflicting, cannot be brought into agreement reimburse - to pay back for money spent; compensate for expenses, damages, or loss veracity - honesty, accuracy of statement interminable - apparently without end, lasting, forever, endless appurtenances - something added to a more important thing, accessories alleviate - to make less hard to bear, relieve; to reduce or decrease venal - that can readily be bribed or corrupted, characterized by bribery or corruption libel - any false and malicious written statement, sign, etc., causing injury to another burly - big, strong, muscular, rough, hearty (over) gale - strong wind burl - a knot as in tree trunks and roots and veneer made from such wood acute - sharp, keen, quick of mind, shrewd; severe and sharp of short duration as in illness notoriety - state of being widely but unfavorably known butte - steep hill standing alone in a plain personalty - personal property as opposed to realty levity - lightness, frivolity, gaity surly - bad-tempered, sullen, rude, hostile, uncivil, threatening ebb - to flow back, lessen, decline, recede dale - a valley over a barrel - completely at the mercy of financially American dream - high attainment and material success as the right of all Americans to strive for unflappable - calm, not easily excited or disconcerted bailor - (law) the party who delivers property to another under contract of bailment annuity - an investment yeilding periodic payments of a fixed sum during the annuitant's lifetime for a stated number of years or in perpetuity foreshock - minor earthquake preceding a greater one Lesson 29 fornix - any of several anatomical arches or folds, such as the vault of the pharynx or the upper part of the vagina forsake - give up, renounce, leave, abandon forlorn - abandoned or deserted; without hope, desperate forays - a sudden attack or raid in order to seize or steal things backpedaling - to move backward quickly; to retract an earlier opinion outlandish - very odd, strange, bizarre, peculiar (brilliant) deduction - a conclusion reached by reasoning from generalities to specifics induction - installation, initiation; bringing forward facts to prove a general statement; bringing into the armed services fungicide - any substance that kills fungi genocide - extermination, systematic killing of a national or ethnic group infanticide - murder of a baby subsidence - sinking or falling to the bottom, a settling; becoming less active, abatement forfeit - to give up or lose something as a penalty for crime or neglect, mistake, etc. disenfranchised (or disfranchised) - deprived of the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote; deprived of privilege, right, power innocuous - harmless, not offensive; dull and uninspiring self-righteous - smugly virtuous, feeling morally superior to others continuity - continuous flow, connectedness; unbroken, coherent whole receivables - things suitable for acceptance; accounts or bills requiring payment crux - difficult problem or puzzling thing; an essential or deciding point caste - Hindu social class; any exclusive and restrictive social or occupational class or group; class distinction based on birth, wealth, etc. prohibition - a prohibiting or forbidding; (capitalized) period in the U.S. 1920-1933 when alcohol was outlawed upshot - the conclusion, result, outcome null and void - amounting to nothing, no value, effect, or consequence; insignificant; without legal force, invalid gesticulate - to use hand and arm gestures to aid communication (sounding) affected - behaving in an artificial way to impress people contract (the plot) - to reduce in size, narrow, shrink, shorten credibility - believability, reliability creditable - deserving credit or praise backlash - sudden or violent political or social reaction resulting from fear or resentment Lesson 30 etymology - origin and development of a word; tracing a word back to its original language and use; the study of words and word origins indispensable - absolutely necessary or required generic - without a trademark or brand name; referring to a whole class in general binary - made up of two parts; a number system based on two and the power of two, using only two numbers, 1 and 0 dilatory - causing delay; slow or late in doing things signatory - one who signs a document purgatory - a state or place of temporary punishment, expiation, or remorse tributary - referring to paying a tribute; flowing into a larger on (as a tributary stream) intermediary - acting as a mediator or go-between; being or happening between subsidiary - giving aid, support, supplementing; being in a secondary or subordinate relationship; a company controlled by another company which owns a majority of its shares ambulatory - able to walk; moving from one place to another migratory - roving, wandering, moving from one region to another tertiary - third seminary - school where people are trained to become priests, ministers, rabbis culinary - of the kitchen or cooking arbitrary - left to one's judgment, choice; discretionary; based on preference, notion, whim repertory - storehouse; things stored, collection; repertory theater: theater in which a permanent company presents several plays, operas, etc., for a season inequity - lack of justice, unfairness innate - existing naturally or from birth; existing as an inherent attribute inflation - increase in the amount of money and credit in relation to the supply of goods and services resulting in an increase in the general price level and decrease of purchasing power underdogs - persons or groups losing or expected to lose in a contest or struggle interrogatory - expressing a question; a formal question or set of questions competent - well qualified, capable; (law) legally qualified, authorized, or fit contemporary - living or happening in the same period of time; recent, modern existential - relating to the philosophy of existentialism; (logic) asserting actuality as opposed to conceptual possibility innovations - new methods, customs, devices, changes is the way of doing things demonstrative (personality) - showing feelings openly and frankly predominantly - most frequently, mostly illustrative - serving as an illustration or example unconscionable - unscrupulous, unreasonable, outrageous, unjust inadvertently - unintentionally, heedlessly mane - long hair on top or sides of the neck in certain animals; long thick human hair halcyon days - tranquil, happy idyllic; nostalgic reference to earlier times anticlimactic - in the manner of a sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, sometimes for humorous effect statuesque - tall and well proportioned with stately grace and dignity formidable - causing fear or dread; hard to handle or overcome; strikingly impressive exuberant - characterized by good health, high spirits, full or life, uninhibited elicit - draw forth, extract, cause to be revealed conjecture - an inference, theory, or prediction from incomplete or uncertain evidence; guesswork adversaries - enemies, opponents viable - able to live, take root and grow; workable, likely to survive or be pertinent discourse - communication of ideas, information, etc, by talking; conversation festooned - adorned with wreaths, garlands, etc. Lesson 31 recapitulating - repeating the principal points or stages of; summarizing mulct - to defraud or swindle volatile - readily vaporizable; lighthearted; changeable; easily aroused; explosive sanguine - confident or optimistic angst - a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity breadth - width; scope or liberality lexicon - dictionary admiralty - the court having jurisdiction of maritime questions pueblo - town; Indian village in the southwestern U.S. Guam - island in the West Pacific, belonging to the U.S. guano - substance composed chiefly of the excrement of sea fowl and used as fertilizer linguistics - the study of human speech including the structure and modification of language schlock - anything of low quality or value languish - to be or live in a state of depression; to pine; to suffer neglect schmear - an aggregate of related things thwart - to successfully oppose or baffle; frustrate supple - pliant or limber; able to bend easily realm - kingdom, domain, or sphere mottled - marked with spots or blotches of different colors squelch - to completely suppress, quell, or silence bilk - to cheat out of what is due; to elude commingled - mixed together or combined manacled - handcuffed ilk - kind, sort, type, class ventricle - a cavity of a bodily part or organ; a chamber of the heart grapple - to come to grips with or wrestle embezzling - appropriating fraudulently; stealing large amounts of money oracle - a person through whom a deity speaks; a wise person; a wise answer filch - steal emetic - an agent that induces vomiting to pan (a movie) - to severely criticize clamorous - noisy; tumultuous decorous - marked by propriety and good taste candor - unreserved or honest expression interrogator - one who asks questions formally and systematically valuation - the act or process of determining market value evaluation - determination of worth or significance by careful study practicable - possible to perform; feasible; usable repeal - to revoke by legislative enactment; to abandon or recall futile - serving no useful purpose; completely ineffective pedagogical - of or relating to a teacher or education divulge - to reveal a secret acquittal - a setting free from a charge by verdict, sentence, or other legal process rebuttal - an argument or proof that opposes or refutes gratuitous - not called for by circumstances; unwarranted gratuities - tip, gift of money for a personal service feigned - fictitious; not real or genuine carnivore - a meat-eating animal doth - does (archaic) penultimate - next to the last schnitzel - a veal cutlet thwack - a blow with something flat schmooze - to chat or gossip volatile - unstable, explosive, fickle Lesson 32 wayward - insistent upon having one's way contrary to others' advice, wishes, or orders; willful, disobedient; erratic, unpredictable jerkwater - small, unimportant waylaid - ambushed, accosted onetime - at some time past; former one-time - happening one time coroner - a public officer whose chief duty is to determine by inquest sometimes with the aid of a jury, the causes of any deaths not obviously due to natural causes contraindicated - to make the indicated or expected treatment or drug inadvisable biopsy - the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination anterior - at or toward the front, forward; ventral posterior - at or toward the rear, behind; dorsal; later, following, succeeding syndrome - a number of symptoms occurring together and characterizing a specific disease or condition symptomatic - of or having to do with symptoms; indicative (of) diagnosis - act of deciding the nature of a disease or condition by examining the symptoms status - state of affairs; position, rank, standing; high position, prestige prognosis - prediction of the probable course of a disease or chances of recovery duplicitous - deceitful modus operandi - the way of doing or accomplishing something conglomerate - clustered, collected into a single mass;a large corporation formed by the merger or acquisition of a number of companies i unrelated, widely diversified industries titan - any person or thing of great size or power humongous - of enormous size or strength stockade - an enclosure for military prisoners; to surround, protect, or fortify with a stockade largesse - generous giving, as from a patron; gifts given in a generous, sometimes showy way serenade - vocal or instrumental music sung by a lover under the window of his sweetheart at night colonnade - a series of columns supporting a roof or arches Spartan - like Spartans, warlike, brave, stoical, frugal, highly disciplined meatus - a ductlike passage within the body or the opening to such, as in the ear, nose, or urethra ophthalmoscope - instrument for examining the interior of the eye fluoroscopic - a machine for examining the internal structure of people, etc., by viewing the shadows cast on a fluorescent screen from X-rays bronchus - either of the two main passages of the trachea into the lungs atrophy - a wasting away, especially of body tissue, an organ, etc., or the failure to grow or develop sedating - calming or quieting with a sedative sacrum - thick triangular bone situated near the end of the spinal column aorta - the main artery of the body aneurysm - a sac formed by enlargement of the weakened wall of an artery, vein, or heart caused by disease or injury inguinal - of or near the groin coagulated - curdled, clotted schizophrenic - referring to the major mental disorder of schizophrenia; a person with this disorder orthopedic - referring to the treatment of bones, joints, and muscles ensiform - sword-shaped, xiphoid pseudo - someone who affects being an intellectual; counterfeit, false, sham, spurious colic - condition of acute abdominal pain; a condition in infants characterized by crying and discomfort flue - tube, pipe, or shaft for the passage of smoke, hot air, etc., especially in a chimney somatic - physical, of the body as opposed to the soul hale - sound, vigorous, healthy, especially in reference to an older person; dragged, hauled, pulled forcibly gait - manner of walking pleural - referring to the thin serous membrane that covers a lung and lines the chest cavity lymph - clear, yellowish fluid found in the lymphatic vessels (over) swath - strip, track, etc., cut by a mower or scythe swathe - to wrap or bind up in a long strip or bandage; such a bandage loath - unwilling, reluctant loathe - abhor, detest, hate, dislike intensely stent - (medical) an impression of the mouth and oral structures; a mold used to hold a skin graft in place or for some type of support callus - thickened, hardened skin or substance formed over wounds or at the ends of fractured bones callous - hardened, unfeeling, insensitive mucus - (noun) thick, slimy secretion of the mucous membranes mucous - (adjective) of, like, or referring to mucus; slimy calculus - stony mass or deposit found in the kidney,, gallbladder, on teeth, etc.; (math) a system of calculation using special symbols palate - roof of the mouth; sense of taste plat - a map or plans of the division of a piece of property into lots; a small piece of ground snit - a fit of anger censor - an authority who examines, judges, and prohibits books, movies, etc., deemed obscene, objectionable; to subject a book, etc., to such censorship pedophile - an adult with abnormal sexual desire for children neophyte - a new convert or one just beginning a new life, work, etc.; beginner, novice javelin - a light spear for throwing hypothermia - a subnormal body temperature theoretically - based on theory, hypothetically scopist - editor for CAT court reporters consummate - complete or perfect in every way, supreme, expert; to bring to completion, finish; make a marriage by sexual intercourse flora and fauna - plants and animals of a specific region nephritis - disease of the kidneys anthropologist - person who studies humans, especially, physical and cultural characteristics, customs, society etc. morphologic - referring to form and structure chronological - arranged in order of occurrence hyperkinesis - abnormal condition of increased muscular movement cyanosis - a bluish coloration of the skin, caused by lack of oxygen or abnormal hemoglobin in the blood anastomosis - surgical joining of one hollow or tubular organ to another symbiosis - living together for mutual advantage or relationship of mutual interdependence psychoses - major mental disorders, including schizophrenia neuroses - mental functional disorders characterized by anxiety, compulsions, phobias, depression, etc. etymology - the origin and development of a word or the study of word origins pathologic - referring to diseases; governed by a compulsion synovitis - inflammation of the synovial membrane bursitis - inflammation of a bursa, as near a shoulder or hip thrombosis - coagulation of the blood in the heart or blood vessel causing a clot hyperplasia - abnormal increase in the number of cells composing a tissue or organ blepharoptosis - drooping of an upper eyelid due to paralysis ecchymosis - black-and-blue or yellowish mark on the skin; bruise genealogy - the science or study of family descent; lineage entomologist - person who studies insects immunologic - referring to antigens and antibodies involved with immunity against disease zoology - the study of animals hypoglycemia - abnormally low concentration of sugar in the blood dire - dreadful, terrible, urgent bolus - small round lump or mass as of chewed food determination flagged - droop, grow weak or tired rest on your laurels - to be satisfied with what one has already achieved (over) emanated - came forth, issued from a source, emitted palpate - to examine by touching conciliatory - tending to soothe anger, make friendly, placate, pacify concessionaire - person with the authorization to conduct business on lessor's premises extraordinaire - French for extraordinary (used after the noun)